RU
Manuscript
  • Original research article
  • August 31, 2020
  • Open access

Mass Anti-Catholic Protests of 1688: Revolutionary Excesses or Struggle with Counter-Revolution in England?

Full
text RU

Abstract

The article traces origins of mass anti-Catholic protests of 1688-1689 (the so-called Glorious Revolution) and tries to answer the question whether it was struggle with counter-revolution or merely revolutionary excess. Relying on an analysis of the English-language historiography and authentic sources, the author examines essence of the Glorious Revolution, considers genesis and manifestations of anti-Catholicism in England, the role of William of Orange as a defender of Protestantism. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that religious confrontation between Protestants and Catholics is considered from the viewpoint of its role in balancing revolutionary and anti-revolutionary forces. The following conclusions are justified: anti-Catholic protests of 1688 should be looked upon as excesses, reaction of the population stuffed with religious propaganda; nevertheless, these protests, taking into account the time and place, political goals, became an important element of struggle with potential counter-revolution, a form of protection of Protestant values as dominant ideology of the Glorious Revolution.

References

  1. Прилуцкий В. В. Антикатолические настроения в североамериканских колониях Англии и в метрополии в XVII-XVIII вв. // Вестник Брянского государственного университета. 2018. № 2 (36). С. 167-171.
  2. Сидоренко Л. В. Славная революция и якобитская контрреволюция на страницах отечественных учебников всеобщей истории для высшей школы // Гуманитарные науки в современном вузе: вчера, сегодня, завтра: матер. Междунар. науч. конф. (г. Санкт-Петербург, 12 декабря 2019 г.). / под ред. С. И. Бугашева, А. С. Минина. СПб.: СПбГУПТД, 2019. С. 468-476.
  3. Стецкевич М. С. Свобода совести в Англии: пути утверждения // Вестник Московского городского педагогического университета. Серия «Юридические науки». 2013. № 1 (11). С. 8-13.
  4. A memorial of the Protestants of the Church of England presented to their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Orange, contains as followeth. L., 1688.
  5. An account of the private league betwixt the late King James the Second, and the French king in a letter from a gentleman in London, to a gentleman in the countrey. L.: Richard Chiswell, 1689. 15 p.
  6. Beddard R. The Guildhall Declaration of 11 December 1688 and the Counter-Revolution of the Loyalists // The Historical Journal. 1968. Vol. 11. № 3. P. 403-420.
  7. Blackey R. A War of Words: The Significance of the Propaganda Conflict between English Catholics and Protestants, 1715-1745 // The Catholic Historical Review. 1973. Vol. 58. № 4. P. 534-555.
  8. Botting E. H. A Philosophical Genealogy of Women’s Human Rights // Wollstonecraft, Mill, and Women’s Human Rights. New Haven - L.: Yale University Press, 2016. P. 26-69.
  9. Boyer R. E. English Declarations of Indulgence of 1687 and 1688 // The Catholic Historical Review. 1964. Vol. 50. № 3. P. 332-371.
  10. By His Highness William Henry, Prince of Orange, a Third Declaration. L., 1688. 8 p.
  11. Chamberlain J. S. The Jacobite Failure to Bridge the Catholic/Protestant Divide, 1717-1730 // Religious Identities in Britain. 1660-1832 / ed. by W. Gibson and R. G. Ingram. L. - N. Y.: Routledge, 2005. P. 81-95.
  12. Claydon T. William III. L. - N. Y.: Routledge, 2014. 202 p.
  13. Claydon T. William III’s Declaration of Reasons and the Glorious Revolution // The Historical Journal. 1996. Vol. 39. № 1. P. 87-108.
  14. George R. H. The Charters Granted to English Parliamentary Corporations in 1688 // The English Historical Review. 1940. Vol. 55. № 21. P. 47-56.
  15. Gibson W. Dissenters, Anglicans and the Glorious Revolution: The Collection of Cases // The Seventeenth Century. 2007. Vol. 22. № 1. P. 168-184.
  16. Gibson W. The Church of England 1688-1832: Unity and Accord. L. - N. Y.: Routledge, 2001. 269 p.
  17. Harris T. The People, the Law, and the Constitution in Scotland and England: A Comparative Approach to the Glorious Revolution // The Journal of British Studies. 1999. Vol. 38. № 1. P. 28-58.
  18. Miller J. Catholic Officers in the Later Stuart Army // The English Historical Review. 1973. Vol. 88. № 346. P. 35-53.
  19. Miller J. The Militia and the Army in the Reign of James II // The Historical Journal. 1973. Vol. 16. № 4. P. 659-679.
  20. Onnekink D. The Revolution on Dutch Foreign Policy (1688) // Pamphlets and Politics in the Dutch Republic / ed. by Femke Deen, David Onnekink, Michel Reinders. Leiden - Boston: Brill, 2011. P. 143-171.
  21. Pincus S. 1688: The First Modern Revolution. New Haven - L.: Yale University Press, 2009. 647 p.
  22. Sachse W. L. The Mob and the Revolution of 1688 // The Journal of British Studies. 1964. Vol. 4. № 1. P. 23-40.
  23. Scott J. England’s Troubles: Seventeenth-Century English Political Instability in European Context. Cambridge University Press, 2000. 546 p.
  24. Sowerby S. Making Toleration: The Repealers and the Glorious Revolution. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 2013. 404 p.
  25. The bloody and treacherous design of the French King to destroy the Protestants of England. L.: W. D., 1688. 1 p.
  26. The Declaration of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, in and about the Cities of London and Westminster, Assembled at Guildhall, Dec. 1688 // A Fourth Collection of Papers Relating to the Present Juncture of Affairs in England. L.: Richard Janeway, 1688. P. 23-24.
  27. The History of the Desertion, or an Account of All the Public Affairs in England: From the Beginning of September, 1688, to the Twelfth of February Following. With an Answer to a Piece Call’d the Desertion Discussed: In a Letter to a Country Gentleman. By a Person of Quality. L.: Richard Chiswell, 1689. 168 p.
  28. The London Mercury: Or, Moderate Intelligencer. 1688. December the 15th.
  29. The London Mercury: Or, Moderate Intelligencer. 1688. December the 18th to December the 22nd.
  30. To His Highness the Prince of Orange: The Humble Address of the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Commons of the City of London, in the Common Council Assembled // A Fourth Collection of Papers Relating to the Present Juncture of Affairs in England. L.: Richard Janeway, 1688.
  31. Troost W. William III, the Stadholder-King. A Political Biography / translated by J. C. Grayson. L. - N. Y.: Routledge, 2005. 361 p.
  32. Vickers J. E. Wesley: A Guide for the Perplexed. L. - N. Y.: T&T Clark International, 2009. 133 p.
  33. Zimpfer N. Ecclesiastic Anti-Catholicism in Britain after the Glorious Revolution // Via Panoramica. 2009. № 2. P. 1-22.

Author information

Leonid Vladimirovich Sidorenko

Saint Petersburg University

About this article

Publication history

  • Received: July 4, 2020.
  • Published: August 31, 2020.

Keywords

  • Славная революция
  • контрреволюция
  • массы
  • антикатолицизм
  • протестантизм
  • Вильгельм Оранский
  • агитация
  • Glorious Revolution
  • counter-revolution
  • masses
  • anti-Catholicism
  • Protestantism
  • William of Orange
  • agitation

Copyright

© 2020 The Author(s)
© 2020 Gramota Publishing, LLC

User license

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)