• Original research article
  • June 1, 2026
  • Open access

Margaret Humphreys: from social worker to puppet of British reconciliation policy (1980s-2010s)

Abstract

The study aims to trace the evolution of Margaret Humphreys’ activities in the context of state reconciliation policies in the United Kingdom and Australia – from her solo investigation in 1986 to her participation in official apology ceremonies in 2009-2010 – and to determine her impact on the recognition of the tragedy of British child migrants. Based on the analysis of parliamentary reports, materials from the IICSA (2018) investigation, and official documents, Humphreys’ journey from an ordinary social worker to an integral element of state reconciliation policy is reconstructed. The scientific novelty lies in identifying Humphreys’ dual role: on the one hand, as an initiator of the state policy revision and the creator of an institutional mechanism for family reunification; on the other hand, as a structural element of historical memory management that legitimized a limited recognition of guilt. The study establishes that while Humphreys’ activities contributed to the official recognition of the tragedy and the restoration of the identity of thousands of victims, her authority was ultimately exploited by governments to symbolically “work through” the traumatic past without committing to full compensation obligations.

Research materials

  1. Конвенция о правах ребенка. Принята резолюцией 44/25 Генеральной Ассамблеи от 20 ноября 1989 года. https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/childcon.shtml
  2. Brenton E. P. Emigration. To the Right Hon. R.W. Horton // The Times. 1831. January 22.
  3. Charges Made Against Miss M. Rye: Before the Poor Law Board at Islington and Her Reply Thereto. 1874. https://archive.org/details/cihm_07098/page/n9/mode/2up
  4. Child migration to Australia during the 20th century. 1999. https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/1999-02/child_migrat/report/c02
  5. Child Migrants Trust. Media & Publications. https://www.childmigrantstrust.org/media
  6. Doyle А. Emigration of Pauper Children to Canada. Report to the Right Honourable the President of the Local Government Board. L., 1875.
  7. Hansard. House of Commons. 2010a. February 24. Vol. 506. Col. 155-157.
  8. Hansard. House of Commons. 2010b. February 24. Vol. 506. Col. 302.
  9. IICSA – Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA). Child Migration Programmes: Investigation Report. L., 2018. https://www.iicsa.org.uk/reports-recommendations/publications/investigation/child-migration.html
  10. International Association of Former Child Migrants and Their Families. Submission № 129 to the Senate Community Affairs References Committee Inquiry into Child Migration. 2001. January. https://www.findandconnect.gov.au/entity/the-international-association-of-former-child-migrants-and-their-families/
  11. Ferriman A. Lost Children of the Empire // The Observer. 1987. July 19.
  12. Lost Innocents: Righting the Record. Canberra: Parliament of Australia. Australian Senate Community Affairs References Committee. 2001. https://web.archive.org/web/20091114233211/http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/clac_ctte/completed_inquiries/1999-02/child_migrat/report/index.htm
  13. Rudd K. Prime Minister. National Apology to the Forgotten Australians and Former Child Migrants. House of Representatives. 2009. November 16.
  14. Rye M. S. Our Gutter Children // The Times. 1869. March 29.
  15. The ‘Child Migration’ Scheme from the UK – what was it and why remember it? 2021. January 4. https://www.whocaresscotland.org/care-experienced-history/child-migration-scheme/
  16. The welfare of former British child migrants. Health Committee, House of Commons. Third Report. Session 1997-98. HC 755. L.: The Stationery Office, 1998. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmselect/cmhealth/755/75503.htm

References

  1. Яблонская О. В. Библия и лопата – путь спасения бедняков Э. Брентона // Вестник Православного Свято-Тихоновского гуманитарного университета. Серия 2. 2022. № 108. https://doi.org/10.15382/sturII2022108.34-46
  2. Яблонская О. В. Несовершеннолетние «строители Великой Британии»: детская миграция в Британской империи // Historia provinciae – журнал региональной истории. 2023. Т. 7. № 3. https://doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2023-7-3-3
  3. Яблонская О. В. «Отверженные» дети Великобритании в Канаде: миграционная программа Мэри Рай // Новая и новейшая история. 2024. № 1. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0130386424010057
  4. Bagnell K. The little immigrants: the orphans who came to Canada. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1987.
  5. Bean P., Melville J. Lost Children of the Empire. L.: Unwin Hyman, 1989.
  6. Fairbridge K.O. The Autobiography of Kingsley Fairbridge. Oxfod, 1928.
  7. Gill A. Orphans of the Empire: The Shocking Story of Child Migration to Australia. Sydney: Vintage Australia, 2007.
  8. Glynn D. “Exporting Outcast London”: Assisted Emigration to Canada, 1886-1914 // Histoire Sociale. Social History. 1982. Vol. 15. No. 29.
  9. Harrison P. The Home Children: Their Personal Stories. Winnipeg: Watson & Dwyer, 1979.
  10. Humphreys M. Empty Cradles. L.: Corgi, 1994.
  11. Lynch G. Pathways to the 1946 Curtis Report and the post-war reconstruction of children’s out-of-home care // Contemporary British History. 2019. Vol. 34. No. 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2019.1609947
  12. Memoirs of the Late Dr. Barnardo by Mrs. Barnardo and J. Marchant; with an Introduction by W. Robertson. L.: Nicoll Hodder and Stoughton, 1907.
  13. Parr J. Labouring Children: British Immigrant Apprentices to Canada, 1869-1924. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
  14. Speeches of the Earl of Shaftesbury, K. G. Upon Subjects Having Relation Chiefly to the Claims and Interests of the Labouring Class. L., 1868.

Author information

Natalia Valentinovna Khoreva

PhD

Arzamas Branch of the National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod

Olga Vasilyevna Yablonskaya

PhD

Arzamas Branch of the National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod

Anastasia Anatolyevna Pronina

Arzamas Branch of the National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod

About this article

Publication history

  • Received: May 6, 2026.
  • Published: June 1, 2026.

Keywords

  • Маргарет Хамфрис
  • детская эмиграция из Великобритании
  • политика примирения
  • Фонд доверия детей-мигрантов
  • историческая память
  • Margaret Humphreys
  • child migration from the United Kingdom
  • reconciliation policy
  • Child Migrants Trust
  • historical memory

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)
© 2026 Gramota Publishing, LLC

User license

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)